This paper aims to inform and facilitate the transposition and the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II, 2018/2001) and the Internal Electricity Market Directive (IEMD, 2019/944) in combination with the Governance Regulation (GR, 2018/1999). It focuses specifically on the provisions regarding the newly established rights of citizens like self-consumption and energy communities. It provides recommendations to be applied when drafting national legislation and regulation; it addresses policy makers on EU and national level as well as civil society advocacy groups.

The transposition of the RED II and the IEMD into national laws will provide opportunities to define national policies that aim towards a “citizen and prosumer-centred” Energy Union and strengthen citizens’ rights. Most important is, however, that the transposition needs to ensure that national legislations align with the Paris Agreement in its ambition. To that end, laws and regulations need to be rigorously implemented and enforced. For both, implementation and enforcement, citizen engagement will be a crucial over the next years